The Effect of Green Grape Extract on Serum Triglyceride Levels in Rats
Pengaruh Pemberian Ekstrak Anggur Hijau terhadap Kadar Triglierida Serum pada Tikus
-
(1) * Heri Setiyo Bekti
1Prodi Teknologi Laboratorium Medis, Politeknik Kesehatan Kementerian Kesehatan Denpasar, Bali
Indonesia
(2) Ni Nyoman Astika Dewi 1Prodi Teknologi Laboratorium Medis, Politeknik Kesehatan Kementerian Kesehatan Denpasar, Bali
Indonesia
(3) Luh Putu Rinawati 1Prodi Teknologi Laboratorium Medis, Politeknik Kesehatan Kementerian Kesehatan Denpasar, Bali
Indonesia
(4) Ni Wayan Rika Kumara Dewi Institut Teknologi Dan Kesehatan Bintang Persada, Bali, Indonesia
Indonesia
(5) Mochammad Choirul Hadi Prodi Kesehatan Lingkungan, Politeknik Kesehatan Kementerian Kesehatan Denpasar, Bali
Indonesia
(*) Corresponding Author
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease, one of which is coronary heart disease (CHD) is the main cause of death and morbidity caused by blockages in the coronary arteries (atherosclerosis). Elevated serum triglyceride levels can encourage the formation of atherosclerosis. Statins are the drugs most commonly used to lower triglyceride levels but have side effects, so new treatment are needed. Grapes are fruits that has many bioactive compounds such as proanthocyanidins and resveratrol which are believed to reduce triglyceride levels in serum. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of green grape extract (Vitis vinifera) on triglyceride levels in male Wistar rats which were divided into 5 groups, namely P0 (fed with standard feed), P1 (fed with high cholesterol and then standard feed), P2 (fed with high cholesterol and simvastatin 0.2mg/200mgBW/day), P3 (fed with high cholesterol and grape extract at a dose of 500mg/200mgBW/day), and P4 (fed with high cholesterol and 250mg/200mgBW/day grape extract). Examination of triglyceride levels was carried out using the GPO-PAP method. Data analysis was performed with Annova test followed by Bonferroni test. The statistical test results showed that there were significant differences between each treatment group. The P3 group showed a lower average triglyceride level than P4 although it was still higher than P2. This showed that administration of green grape extract has an effect on decreasing serum triglyceride levels in all.
References
Carrizzo, A., Puca, A., Damato, A., Marino, M., Franco, E., Pompeo, F., Traficante, A., Civitillo, F., Santini, L., Trimarco, V., Vecchione, C. (2013). Resveratrol improves vascular function in patients with hypertension and dyslipidemia by modulating NO metabolism. Hypertension, 62(2), 359–366. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.111.01009. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.111.01009
Chen, H., Yang, J., Den, X., Lei, Y., Xie, S., Guo, S., Ren, R., Li, J., Zhang, Z., Xu, T. (2020). Foliar-sprayed manganese sulfate improves fl avonoid ccheontent in grape berry skin of Cabernet Sauvignon (Vitis vinifera L.) growing on alkaline soil and wine chromatic characteristics. Food Chemistry, 314(December 2019), p. 126182. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.126182. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.126182
Chen, Q., Wang, E., Ma, L., Zhai, P. (2012). Dietary resveratrol increases the expression of hepatic 7-hydroxylase and ameliorates hypercholesterolemia in high-fat fed C57BL/6J mice. Lipids in Health and Disease, 11(1), 1. doi: 10.1186/1476-511X-11-56. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1476-511X-11-56
Ghani, L., Susilawati, M., & Novriani, H. (2016). Faktor Risiko Dominan Penyakit Jantung Koroner di Indonesia. Buletin Penelitian Kesehatan, 44(3), 153–164. doi:10.22435/bpk.v44i3.5436.153-164 DOI: https://doi.org/10.22435/bpk.v44i3.5436.153-164
Jo, S. P., Kim, J. K., & Lim, Y. H. (2014). Antihyperlipidemic Effects of Rhapontin and Rhapontigenin from Rheum undulatum in Rats Fed a High-Cholesterol Diet. Planta Medica, 80(13), 1067–1071. doi: 10.1055/s-0034-1382999. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0034-1382999
Kumar, N., & Goel, N. (2019). Phenolic acids : Natural versatile molecules with promising therapeutic applications. Biotechnology Reports, 24, p. e00370. doi: 10.1016/j.btre.2019.e00370. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.btre.2019.e00370
Dewi, N. N. A., Bekti, H. S., Sarihati, I. G. A. D., Marhaeni, G. A., & Rinawati, L. P. (2023). The Potential of Green Grape (Vitis vinifera L) Extract on Paraoxonase-3 Serum Levels in Rats were Given High Cholesterol Diet. BPJ, Biomedical & Pharmacology Journal, 16 (2), 1151-1157. doi: 10.13005/bpj/2695. DOI: https://doi.org/10.13005/bpj/2695
Orbaniyah, S., & Permana, K. E. (2011). Pengaruh Ekstrak Buah Anggur Merah (Vitis vinifera L) terhadap Kadar Trigliserida Darah Tikus Putih ( Rattus novergicuss ) novergicuss ). Mutiara Medika, 11(3), 175–180. Doi: 10.18196/mmjkk.v11i3.987.
Parhofer, K. G., & Laufs, U. (2019). The diagnosis and treatment of hypertriglyceridemia. Deutsches Arzteblatt International, 116(49), 825–832. doi: 10.3238/arztebl.2019.0825. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3238/arztebl.2019.0825
Qi, Q., Chu, M., Yu, X., Xie, Y., Li, Y., Du, Y., Liu, X., Zhang, Z., Shi, J., & Yan, N. (2022). Anthocyanins and Proanthocyanidins: Chemical Structures, Food Sources, Bioactivities, and Product Development. Food Reviews International, 00(00), 1–29. doi: 10.1080/87559129.2022.2029479. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/87559129.2022.2029479
Quesada, H., Díaz, S., Pajuelo, D., Iglesias, A. F., Vallvé, S. G., Pujadas, G., Salvadó, M. J., Arola, L., Bladé, C. (2012). The lipid-lowering effect of dietary proanthocyanidins in rats involves both chylomicron-rich and VLDL-rich fractions. British Journal of Nutrition, 108(2), 208–217. doi: 10.1017/S0007114511005472. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114511005472
Rašković, A., Ćućuz, V., Torović, L., Tomas, A., Bukarica, L. G., Ćebović, T., Milijašević, B., Stilinović, N., Hogervorst, J. C. (2019). Resveratrol supplementation improves metabolic control in rats with induced hyperlipidemia and type 2 diabetes. Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal, 27(7), 1036–1043. doi: 10.1016/j.jsps.2019.08.006. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsps.2019.08.006
Sabra, A., Netticadan, T., & Wijekoon, C. (2021). Grape bioactive molecules, and the potential health benefits in reducing the risk of heart diseases. Food Chemistry: X, 12(October), p. 100149. doi: 10.1016/j.fochx.2021.100149. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fochx.2021.100149
Saputra, F., Sutrisna, E., & Nurhayani, N. (2016). Uji Efek Ekstrak Etanol 96% Anggur Merah (Vitis vinifera) terhadap Penurunan Kadar Trigliserida pada Tikus Putih (Rattus Novergicus) yang Diinduksi Tritn X-100. Biomedika, 8(2), 31–38. doi: 10.23917/biomedika.v8i2.2914. DOI: https://doi.org/10.23917/biomedika.v8i2.2914
Szkudelska, K., Nogowski, L., & Szkudelski, T. (2009). Resveratrol, a naturally occurring diphenolic compound, affects lipogenesis, lipolysis and the antilipolytic action of insulin in isolated rat adipocytes. Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 113(1–2), 17–24. doi: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2008.11.001. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsbmb.2008.11.001
Unusan, N. (2020). Proanthocyanidins in grape seeds: An updated review of their health benefits and potential uses in the food industry. Journal of Functional Foods, 67(February), p. 103861. doi: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.103861. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jff.2020.103861
Yashiro, T., Nanmoku, M., Shimizu, M., Inoue, J., Sato, R. (2012). Resveratrol increases the expression and activity of the low density lipoprotein receptor in hepatocytes by the proteolytic activation of the sterol regulatory element-binding proteins. Atherosclerosis, 220(2), 369–374. doi: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2011.11.006. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2011.11.006
Yuan, G., Al-Shali, K. Z., & Hegele, R. A. (2007). Hypertriglyceridemia: Its etiology, effects and treatment. CMAJ. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 176(8), pp. 1113–1120. doi: 10.1503/cmaj.060963. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.060963
Bladé, C., Arola, L. and Salvadó, M. J. (2010). Hypolipidemic effects of proanthocyanidins and their underlying biochemical and molecular mechanisms. Molecular Nutrition and Food Research, 54(1), 37–59. doi: 10.1002/mnfr.200900476. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/mnfr.200900476
