Correlation between Corona Viruses Disease (Covid-19) and C-Reactive Protein (CRP) in Patients at Haji Hospital Surabaya Hubungan Corona Viruses Disease (Covid- 19) Dan C-Reactive Protein (CRP) Pada Pasien Di Rumah Sakit Umum Haji Surabaya
Article Sidebar
Picture in here are illustration from public domain image or provided by the author, as part of their works
Published:
Jul 31, 2022
Keywords:
Coronavirus Disease (Covid-19), C-Reactive Protein (CRP)
Main Article Content
Abstract
Coronavirus Disease (Covid-19) is a new type of virus that has never been previously identified in humans. Common signs and symptoms of Covid-19 infection include symptoms of acute respiratory distress such as fever, cough and shortness of breath. C-Reactive Protein (CRP) is a protein in serum that causes inflammation in the body. The presence of this inflammatory response causes the levels of CRP in the body to increase significantly. To determine the severity of Covid-19 disease, one of the screening tests used is the CRP examination, starting when clinical symptoms appear, becoming high levels of CRP indicating inflammation or inflammation. This study aims to determine CRP levels in patients who were confirmed positive for Covid-19 at RSU Haji Surabaya. The research method used is descriptive research with secondary data. The sample in the study was 60 patients who had confirmed Covid-19 and performed a CRP test from February to June 2021. The sampling technique used a total sampling technique at the Haji General Hospital Surabaya. The results showed that from 60 confirmed Covid-19 inpatients, 58 patients (96.6%) had CRP levels with high risk criteria or CRP levels > 5 mg/L and 2 patients (3.4%) had CRP levels. with normal criteria or CRP levels < 5 mg/L. Based on the results, it can be concluded that CRP levels are positively correlated with the development and severity of Covid-19 disease.
Article Details
How to Cite
Saputro , T. A., Purwaningsih, N. V., Ainutajriani, A., & Watoyani , T. (2022). Correlation between Corona Viruses Disease (Covid-19) and C-Reactive Protein (CRP) in Patients at Haji Hospital Surabaya. Medicra (Journal of Medical Laboratory Science/Technology), 5(1), 11-16. https://doi.org/10.21070/medicra.v5i1.1631
Issue
Section
Articles
References
Arikunto, S. (2006). Prosedur Penelitian Suatu Pendekatan Praktik. Jakarta: PT Rineka Cipta.
Atmaja, K. S., Wicaksana, A. A. G. O. S., Putra, I. W. A. S., & Putra, W. W. S. (2021). Hubungan konsentrasi serum C-Reactive Protein dan D-dimer dengan derajat keparahan dan mortalitas pasien COVID-19. Intisari Sains Medis, 12(2), 680-685. doi: 10.15562/ism.v12i2.971
Berhandus, C., Ongkowijaya, J. A., & Pandelaki, K. (2021). Hubungan kadar vitamin D dan kadar C-reactive protein dengan klinis pasien coronavirus disease 2019. e-CliniC, 9(2), 370-378. doi: 10.35790/ecl.v9i2.33043
Burki, T. (2021). Understanding variants of SARS-CoV-2. Lancet (London, England). National Library of Medicine, 397(10273), 462. doi: 10.1016/S0140- 6736(21)00298-1
Coronaviridae Study Group of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. (2020). The species severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus: classifying 2019-nCoV and naming it SARS-CoV-2. Nat. Microbiol. 5: 536–544. doi : 10.1038/s41564-020-0695-z
Devarakonda, C. K. V., Meredith, E., Ghosh, M., & Shapiro, L. H. (2021). Coronavirus Receptors as Immune Modulators. The Journal of Immunology. Nature Microbiology, 206(5), 923–929. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.2001062
Dey, M., Chavez-East, C., Rogers, J., Shehabeldin, A., Joseph, D., … Musser, J. M. (2020). Treatment of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Patients with Convalescent Plasma. American Journal of Pathology, 190(8), 1680–1690. doi: 0.1016/j.ajpath.2020.05.014
Ghayda, R. A., Lee, J., Lee, J. Y., Kim, D. K., Lee, K. H., Hong, S. H., ... & Shin, J. I. (2020). Correlations of clinical and laboratory characteristics of COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis. International journal of environmental research and public health, 17(14), 5026. doi:10.3390/ijerph17145026
Huang, X., W. Dong, A. Milewska, A. Golda, Y. Qi, Q. K. Zhu, W. A. Marasco, R. S. Baric, A. C. Sims, K. Pyrc, et al. (2015). Human coronavirus HKU1 spike protein uses O-acetylated sialic acid as an attachment receptor determinant and employs hemagglutinin-esterase protein as a receptor-destroying enzyme. J. Virol. 89, 7202–7213. doi: 10.1128/JVI.00854-15
Hoffmann, M., H. Kleine-Weber, S. Schroeder, N. Kr€uger, T. Herrler, S. Erichsen, T. S. Schiergens, G. Herrler, N. H. Wu, A. Nitsche, et al. (2020). SARS-CoV- 2 cell entry depends on ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and is blocked by a clinically proven protease inhibitor. Cell, 181, 271–280.e8. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.02.052
Wang, L. (2020). C-reactive protein levels in the early stage of COVID-19. Médecine et Maladies Infectieuses, 50 (4), 332-334. doi: 10.1016/j.medmal.2020.03.007
Levani, Prastya, & Mawaddatunnadila. (2021). Coronavirus Infectius Disease 2019 (Covid-19): Patogenesis, Manifestasi Klinis Dan Pilihan Terapi. Jurnal Kedokteran Dan Kesehatan, 17(1), 44–57. doi: 10.24853/jkk.17.1.44-57
Li, W., M. J. Moore, N. Vasilieva, J. Sui, S. K. Wong, M. A. Berne, M. Somasundaran, J. L. Sullivan, K. Luzuriaga, T. C. Greenough, et al. (2003). Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 is a functional receptor for the SARS coronavirus. Nature, 426: 450–454. doi: 10.1038/nature02145
Mosquera S, J. A., Pedreañez, A., Carrero, Y., & Callejas, D. (2021). C-reactive protein as an effector molecule in Covid-19 pathogenesis. Reviews in medical virology, 31(6), e2221. doi:10.1002/rmv.2221
Ries, W., Torzewski, J., Heigl, F., Pfluecke, C., Kelle, S., Darius, H., Ince, H., Mitzner, S., Nordbeck, P., Butter, C., Skarabis, H., Sheriff, A., & Garlichs, C. D. (2021). C-Reactive Protein Apheresis as Anti-inflammatory Therapy in Acute Myocardial Infarction: Results of the CAMI-1 Study. Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine, 8, 591714. doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.591714
Salazar, E., Perez, K. K., Ashraf, M., Chen, J., Castillo, B., Christensen, P. A., Eubank, T., Bernard, D. W., Eagar, T. N., Long, S. W., Subedi, S., Olsen, R.J., Leveque, C., Schwartz, M. R., Dey, M., Chavez-East, C., Rogers, J., Shehabeldin, A., Joseph, D., … Musser, J. M. (2020). Treatment of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid-19) Patients with Convalescent Plasma. American Journal of Pathology, 190(8), 1680–1690. doi: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2020.05.014
Susilo, A., Rumende, C. M., Pitoyo, C. W., Santoso, W. D., Yulianti, M., Herikurniawan, H., Sinto, R., Singh, G., Nainggolan, L., Nelwan, E. J., Chen, L. K., Widhani, A., Burki, T. (2021). Understanding variants of SARS-CoV-2 Lancet (London, England), 397(10273), 462. doi: 10.1016/S0140- 6736(21)00298-1
Susilo, A., Rumende, C. M., Pitoyo, C. W., Santoso, W. D., Yulianti, M., Herikurniawan, H., & Yunihastuti, E. (2020). Coronavirus disease 2019: Tinjauan literatur terkini. Jurnal penyakit dalam Indonesia, 7(1), 45-67. doi: 10.7454/jpdi.v7i1.415
Vogelzang, E. H., Loeff, F. C., Derksen, N. I. L., Kruithof, S., Ooijevaar-de Heer, P., van Mierlo, G., Linty, F., Mok, J. Y., van Esch, W., de Bruin, S., Vlaar, A. P. J., Seppen, B., Leeuw, M., van Oudheusden, A. J. G., Buiting, A. G. M., Jim, K. K., Vrielink, H., Swaneveld, F., Vidarsson, G., … Rispens, T. (2020). Development of a SARS-CoV-2 Total Antibody Assay and the Dynamics of Antibody Response over Time in Hospitalized and Nonhospitalized Patients with COVID-19. The Journal of Immunology, 205(12), 3491–3499. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000767
Vyas, N., Kurian, S. J., Bagchi, D., Manu, M. K., Saravu, K., Unnikrishnan, M. K., Mukhopadhyay, C., Rao, M., & Miraj, S. S. (2021). Vitamin D in Prevention and Treatment of COVID-19: Current Perspective and Future Prospects. Journal of the American College of Nutrition, 40(7), 632–645. doi: 10.1080/07315724.2020.1806758
Zelba, H., Worbs, D., Harter, J., Pieper, N., Kyzirakos-Feger, C., Kayser, S., Seibold, M., Bartsch, O., Ködding, J., & Biskup, S. (2021). A Highly Specific Assay for the Detection of SARS-CoV-2–Reactive CD4 + and CD8 + T Cells in COVID-19 Patients. The Journal of Immunology, 206(3), 580–587. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000811
Zheng, F., Tang, W., Li, H., Huang, Y. X., Xie, Y. L., & Zhou, Z. G. (2020). Clinical characteristics of 161 cases of corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Changsha. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci, 24(6), 3404- 3410. Retrieved from https://www.europeanreview.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/3404-3410.pdf
Atmaja, K. S., Wicaksana, A. A. G. O. S., Putra, I. W. A. S., & Putra, W. W. S. (2021). Hubungan konsentrasi serum C-Reactive Protein dan D-dimer dengan derajat keparahan dan mortalitas pasien COVID-19. Intisari Sains Medis, 12(2), 680-685. doi: 10.15562/ism.v12i2.971
Berhandus, C., Ongkowijaya, J. A., & Pandelaki, K. (2021). Hubungan kadar vitamin D dan kadar C-reactive protein dengan klinis pasien coronavirus disease 2019. e-CliniC, 9(2), 370-378. doi: 10.35790/ecl.v9i2.33043
Burki, T. (2021). Understanding variants of SARS-CoV-2. Lancet (London, England). National Library of Medicine, 397(10273), 462. doi: 10.1016/S0140- 6736(21)00298-1
Coronaviridae Study Group of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. (2020). The species severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus: classifying 2019-nCoV and naming it SARS-CoV-2. Nat. Microbiol. 5: 536–544. doi : 10.1038/s41564-020-0695-z
Devarakonda, C. K. V., Meredith, E., Ghosh, M., & Shapiro, L. H. (2021). Coronavirus Receptors as Immune Modulators. The Journal of Immunology. Nature Microbiology, 206(5), 923–929. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.2001062
Dey, M., Chavez-East, C., Rogers, J., Shehabeldin, A., Joseph, D., … Musser, J. M. (2020). Treatment of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Patients with Convalescent Plasma. American Journal of Pathology, 190(8), 1680–1690. doi: 0.1016/j.ajpath.2020.05.014
Ghayda, R. A., Lee, J., Lee, J. Y., Kim, D. K., Lee, K. H., Hong, S. H., ... & Shin, J. I. (2020). Correlations of clinical and laboratory characteristics of COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis. International journal of environmental research and public health, 17(14), 5026. doi:10.3390/ijerph17145026
Huang, X., W. Dong, A. Milewska, A. Golda, Y. Qi, Q. K. Zhu, W. A. Marasco, R. S. Baric, A. C. Sims, K. Pyrc, et al. (2015). Human coronavirus HKU1 spike protein uses O-acetylated sialic acid as an attachment receptor determinant and employs hemagglutinin-esterase protein as a receptor-destroying enzyme. J. Virol. 89, 7202–7213. doi: 10.1128/JVI.00854-15
Hoffmann, M., H. Kleine-Weber, S. Schroeder, N. Kr€uger, T. Herrler, S. Erichsen, T. S. Schiergens, G. Herrler, N. H. Wu, A. Nitsche, et al. (2020). SARS-CoV- 2 cell entry depends on ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and is blocked by a clinically proven protease inhibitor. Cell, 181, 271–280.e8. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.02.052
Wang, L. (2020). C-reactive protein levels in the early stage of COVID-19. Médecine et Maladies Infectieuses, 50 (4), 332-334. doi: 10.1016/j.medmal.2020.03.007
Levani, Prastya, & Mawaddatunnadila. (2021). Coronavirus Infectius Disease 2019 (Covid-19): Patogenesis, Manifestasi Klinis Dan Pilihan Terapi. Jurnal Kedokteran Dan Kesehatan, 17(1), 44–57. doi: 10.24853/jkk.17.1.44-57
Li, W., M. J. Moore, N. Vasilieva, J. Sui, S. K. Wong, M. A. Berne, M. Somasundaran, J. L. Sullivan, K. Luzuriaga, T. C. Greenough, et al. (2003). Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 is a functional receptor for the SARS coronavirus. Nature, 426: 450–454. doi: 10.1038/nature02145
Mosquera S, J. A., Pedreañez, A., Carrero, Y., & Callejas, D. (2021). C-reactive protein as an effector molecule in Covid-19 pathogenesis. Reviews in medical virology, 31(6), e2221. doi:10.1002/rmv.2221
Ries, W., Torzewski, J., Heigl, F., Pfluecke, C., Kelle, S., Darius, H., Ince, H., Mitzner, S., Nordbeck, P., Butter, C., Skarabis, H., Sheriff, A., & Garlichs, C. D. (2021). C-Reactive Protein Apheresis as Anti-inflammatory Therapy in Acute Myocardial Infarction: Results of the CAMI-1 Study. Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine, 8, 591714. doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.591714
Salazar, E., Perez, K. K., Ashraf, M., Chen, J., Castillo, B., Christensen, P. A., Eubank, T., Bernard, D. W., Eagar, T. N., Long, S. W., Subedi, S., Olsen, R.J., Leveque, C., Schwartz, M. R., Dey, M., Chavez-East, C., Rogers, J., Shehabeldin, A., Joseph, D., … Musser, J. M. (2020). Treatment of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid-19) Patients with Convalescent Plasma. American Journal of Pathology, 190(8), 1680–1690. doi: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2020.05.014
Susilo, A., Rumende, C. M., Pitoyo, C. W., Santoso, W. D., Yulianti, M., Herikurniawan, H., Sinto, R., Singh, G., Nainggolan, L., Nelwan, E. J., Chen, L. K., Widhani, A., Burki, T. (2021). Understanding variants of SARS-CoV-2 Lancet (London, England), 397(10273), 462. doi: 10.1016/S0140- 6736(21)00298-1
Susilo, A., Rumende, C. M., Pitoyo, C. W., Santoso, W. D., Yulianti, M., Herikurniawan, H., & Yunihastuti, E. (2020). Coronavirus disease 2019: Tinjauan literatur terkini. Jurnal penyakit dalam Indonesia, 7(1), 45-67. doi: 10.7454/jpdi.v7i1.415
Vogelzang, E. H., Loeff, F. C., Derksen, N. I. L., Kruithof, S., Ooijevaar-de Heer, P., van Mierlo, G., Linty, F., Mok, J. Y., van Esch, W., de Bruin, S., Vlaar, A. P. J., Seppen, B., Leeuw, M., van Oudheusden, A. J. G., Buiting, A. G. M., Jim, K. K., Vrielink, H., Swaneveld, F., Vidarsson, G., … Rispens, T. (2020). Development of a SARS-CoV-2 Total Antibody Assay and the Dynamics of Antibody Response over Time in Hospitalized and Nonhospitalized Patients with COVID-19. The Journal of Immunology, 205(12), 3491–3499. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000767
Vyas, N., Kurian, S. J., Bagchi, D., Manu, M. K., Saravu, K., Unnikrishnan, M. K., Mukhopadhyay, C., Rao, M., & Miraj, S. S. (2021). Vitamin D in Prevention and Treatment of COVID-19: Current Perspective and Future Prospects. Journal of the American College of Nutrition, 40(7), 632–645. doi: 10.1080/07315724.2020.1806758
Zelba, H., Worbs, D., Harter, J., Pieper, N., Kyzirakos-Feger, C., Kayser, S., Seibold, M., Bartsch, O., Ködding, J., & Biskup, S. (2021). A Highly Specific Assay for the Detection of SARS-CoV-2–Reactive CD4 + and CD8 + T Cells in COVID-19 Patients. The Journal of Immunology, 206(3), 580–587. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000811
Zheng, F., Tang, W., Li, H., Huang, Y. X., Xie, Y. L., & Zhou, Z. G. (2020). Clinical characteristics of 161 cases of corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Changsha. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci, 24(6), 3404- 3410. Retrieved from https://www.europeanreview.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/3404-3410.pdf