Medicra (Journal of Medical Laboratory Science/Technology)

Evaluation of Tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) Concertation and Renal function in the Sera of patients with Type 2 diabetes in Erbil city

Zina Abdulmunem Abdulrazaaq — Tue, 31 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The research included a total of 70 samples, including 40 samples from patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes and 30 samples from the control group. The participants' age ranged from 40 to 60 years. The samples were gathered during a one-year duration from the Chronic Diseases Unit / Diabetes Department in the city of Erbil. Later, blood samples were collected from both ill and healthy individuals, and then separated via the process of centrifugation. The variables that were evaluated include glucose, ferritin, Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα), CRP, urea, creatinine, and uric acid. The results of this research showed a significant rise in the concentrations of glucose, ferritin, TNF-alpha, CRP, urea, creatinine, and uric acid in persons with type II diabetes as compared to the control group.

A Comparative Study of Biomarker Levels for Iraqi Individuals’ Smokers and Non-Smokers Depending on the Duration of Smoking

Thu, 25 Jul 2024 06:11:03 +0000

Smoking is a widespread public health challenge globally, impacting societal health and economy while elevating the risk of cardiovascular and peripheral vascular diseases. This study aims to examine hematological parameters (HB, PCV%, WBC, RBC, PLT, ESR), liver and kidney function, lipid profile, and electrolytes (K+, Na+, Ca++) in male smokers aged 20-55 from Baghdad City, subdivided by smoking duration (≥5 years and <5 years), compared to non-smoking controls. A total of sixty participants were recruited across three areas (Diyala Bridge, Mada'in, Talbieh), with each group comprising thirty individuals. Venipuncture was performed for blood sample collection. Results revealed statistically significant elevations in total WBC and RBC counts, hematocrit, hemoglobin, total cholesterol, and liver enzymes (GOT, GPT, ALP) among smokers compared to non-smokers (p<0.05 or p<0.001). Serum uric acid, urea, and creatinine levels were significantly higher in smokers (p<0.001), while triglyceride levels showed no significant difference (p>0.05) between groups. Smokers with longer duration (>5 years) exhibited higher HB, triglyceride, and Na+ levels compared to shorter-term smokers. Sensitivity analysis indicated Na+ as a potentially effective biomarker for smoking-related health impacts, complementing PCV% and urea sensitivity. The study underscores the association between smoking and oxidative stress, notably reflected in elevated GOT and GPT levels, suggesting implications for antioxidant therapies in managing smoking-induced oxidative damage. These findings contribute novel insights into biomarker responses influenced by smoking duration and advocate for targeted public health strategies and further research into antioxidant interventions to mitigate smoking-associated health risks effectively.

Pap Smear Diagnostic Test Towards Gold Standard Histopathology In Cervic Cancer

Anik Handayati, Tiara Dewanti Putri, Sri Sulami Endah Astuti — Tue, 24 Dec 2024 05:01:46 +0000

Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer in the world. Screening examination plays an important role in early detection of cervical cancer so that it can reduce mortality. Pap smear is an initial examination to detect the presence of abnormal cells in the cervix. This study aims to determine the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of pap smear examination by comparing them to histopathological examination as the gold standard. The design of this study was an observational study with secondary data obtained from the medical records of cervical cancer patients who had performed pap smears as well as histopathological examinations at the Anatomical Pathology Laboratory Installation, RSPAL dr. Ramelan Surabaya for the period January 2020 to March 2022. The data will be sorted based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data that pass the inclusion criteria will be tested using crosstabulation and then proceed to the diagnostic test. The sensitivity value is 97%, specificity value is 88%, accuracy value is 96%, positive predictive value is 98%, and negative predictive value is 79%. Pap smears have a fairly good diagnostic value for diagnosing cervical cancer.

Prevalence of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Antibody Detection in Men Who Have Sex with Men (MSM)

Tue, 31 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection is one of the infectious infections caused by HIV that attacks the lymphocytes T tipe CD4 and can cause a decrease in the immune system. Male Sex Men (MSM) have a higher risk of HIV infection due to MSM behavior, such as having direct anal sex without using condoms or lubricant products and are more likely to change sex partners frequently. This study aims to find out the results of rapid testing of HIV antibodies on MSM in Rawalumbu and Jaka Mulya urban village. This research uses cross sectional research design, its type of research is descriptive with selection and data collection purposively sampling that carried out in February – June 2024 in Rawalumbu and Jaka Mulya urban village. Thirty-five respondents were collected. The result from a rapid test of early HIV antibodies with rapid Reagen 1 (R1) in 35 respondents, 6 respondents (17%) were reactive and 29 respondents (83%) were non-reactive. HIV antibody reactive results is 6 respondents (17%) of total 35 respondents, the most reactive outcomes in the age category 26 – 36 years.

Analysis of The Presence of Pathogen Bacteria in Rectal Swab of Food Handler at The Yogkayarta Health and Calibration Laboratory

Ratna Kusumaningtyas, Dhiah Novalina, Farida Noor Irfani — Tue, 31 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Food handlers are workers who are responsible for handling food from preparation to serving. In accordance with the Regulation of the Minister of Health of the Republic of Indonesia Number 1096/MENKES/PER/VI/2011, food handlers must be checked periodically every six months by carrying out anal swabs to find out whether the food handler is free. of pathogenic bacteria and act as carriers or not. This study aims to find out whether food handlers who work at Food Management Places (TPM) in Yogyakarta act as careers or not through identifying pathogenic bacteria in rectal swab samples. The type of research used was descriptive qualitative with a cross-sectional approach by taking data at BLKK Yogyakarta from January to December 2023. The sample in this study amounted to 86 data using a purposive sampling technique based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data were analyzed for frequency distribution and Chi-Square and Odds Ratio statistical tests were carried out. The results of the study showed that the examination was dominated by the TPM type, namely catering class B (hospital) as many as 4 (40,0%) applicants, the early adult age group (18-40 years) as many as 73 (84,9%) and gender men were 44 (51,2%) food handlers. The results of the rectal swab examination showed positive Escherichia coli bacteria (carrier) in 33 (38,4%) food handlers and there was a significant relationship between the results of the examination for pathogenic bacteria and TPM sanitation (p-value 0,023), but there was no significant relationship between results of examination of pathogenic bacteria with age (p-value 0,531) and gender (p-value 0,695).

Correlation Isocitrate Dehydrogenase Level and Triglyceride Level in Rats Stimulated with Ethanol Extract of Moringa Leaf

Tue, 31 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Food substances are oxidized through mitochondria to produce chemical energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is used as energy. The Krebs cycle uses the energy produced by the body to make adenosine triphosphate. A class of enzymes known as dehydrogenases including isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) is responsible for electron transport from substrate to electron receiver. In addition, IDH is involved in various cellular processes, including lipogenesis, which is part of lipid metabolism. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between triglyceride (TG) levels and mitochondrial IDH enzyme activity with respect to taking ethanol extract of Moringa oleifera leaves. This type of research is experimental with a control group design. The samples in this study were 20 white rats divided into 5 treatment groups, namely Negative Control (K-) rats with normal conditions, Positive Control (K+) rats with tired conditions, Standard Group (STD) rats with creatinine drug induction, Treatment 1 (P1) rats given 250 mg/kgBB dose of Moringa oliefera leaf extract, Treatment 2 (P2) rats given 500 mg/kgBB dose of Moringa Oliefera leaf extract. The results of statistical analysis of the correlation test p value 0.147 ≥0.05 can be concluded that there is no relationship between IDH enzymes and TG.

Perbandingan Hasil Pemeriksaan Retikulosit Metode Pewarnaan Supravital Dengan Alat Otomatik Sysmex Xn 1000

Abrina Rindi Riovika Miasari, Didik Prasetya, Dewa Putu Arwidiana — Tue, 31 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Retikulosit mengindikasikan produksi sel darah merah oleh sumsum tulang yang dapat digunakan mendiagnosa serta memantau terapi anemia. Pemeriksaan hitung retikulosit dapat dilakukan menggunakan metode supravital dan metode flowcytometri. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui perbedaan hasil pemeriksaan retikulosit menggunakan metode manual pewarnaan supravital dengan alat otomatik Sysmex XN 1000 metode flowcitometri. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Laboratorium Klinik Prodia Kelapa Gading Jakarta Utara. Metode penelitian menggunakan desain penelitian analitik observasional dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Penelitian ini menggunakan teknik pengambilan total sampling, dengan jumlah sampel 36 orang. Hasil hitung retikulosit pada kedua metode memiliki rerata yang tidak berbeda jauh. Hasil retikulosit yang ditemukan tinggi dengan metode manual supravital juga ditemukan tinggi dengan metode flowcitometri. Uji normalitas data pada kedua metode tidak berdistribusi normal. Hasil analisis uji beda Wilcoxon signed rank t didapatkan nilai signifikasi 0,277 > α (0,05) maka hipotesa nol diterima, artinya tidak adanya perbedaan yang bermakna dengan jumlah retikulosit metode pewarnaan supravital dengan alat otomatik Sysmex XN 1000. Berdasarkan penelitian, pemeriksaan hitung retikulosit dapat dilakukan dengan menggunakan kedua metode tersebut dengan lebih memperhatikan faktor-faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi hasil perhitungan retikulosit.